Method of forming semiconductor device having metal gate

ABSTRACT

A method of forming a semiconductor device is provided. A first interfacial material layer is formed by a deposition process on a substrate. A dummy gate material layer is formed on the first interfacial material layer. The dummy gate material layer and the first interfacial material layer are patterned to form a stacked structure. An interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer is formed to cover the stacked structure. A portion of the ILD layer is removed to expose a top of the stacked structure. The stacked structure is removed to form a trench in the ILD layer. A second interfacial layer and a first high-k layer are conformally formed at least on a surface of the trench. A composite metal layer is formed to at least fill up the trench.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/471,128, filed on May 14, 2012, now allowed. The entirety of the above-mentioned patent application is hereby incorporated by reference herein and made a part of this specification.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of Invention

The present invention relates to a method of forming an integrated circuit, and more generally to a method of forming a semiconductor device.

2. Description of Related Art

MOS is a basic structure widely applied to various semiconductor devices, such as memory devices, image sensors and display devices. The traditional MOS transistor is difficult to scale down due to the limitation of the fabricating process, and a multi-gate transistor with better properties is therefore developed. One example is the fin-type field effect transistor (FinFET) with multiple three-dimensional (3D) fins. The effective channel of the FinFET is disposed not only on the top surface portion but also on the sidewall portion of each fin, so as to greatly increase the channel width.

However, the fins of the FinFET are easy to be deformed by the subsequent processes, thereby reducing the device performance. Therefore, how to prevent the shape of the fins from being deformed by the subsequent processes has drawn great attention in the industry.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a method of forming a semiconductor structure, in which the shape of the fins of the FinFET is maintained as original, and device degradation caused by the fin deformation is thus avoided.

The present invention provides a method of forming a semiconductor device. A first interfacial material layer is formed by a deposition process on a substrate. A dummy gate material layer is formed on the first interfacial material layer. The dummy gate material layer and the first interfacial material layer are patterned to form a stacked structure. An interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer is formed to cover the stacked structure. A portion of the ILD layer is removed to expose a top of the stacked structure. The stacked structure is removed to form a trench in the ILD layer. A second interfacial layer and a first high-k layer are conformally formed at least on a surface of the trench. A composite metal layer is formed to at least fill up the trench. Besides, the substrate is a bulk substrate. The composite metal layer includes a work function metal layer and a low resistivity metal layer, and further includes a bottom barrier layer disposed between the first high-k layer and the work function metal layer, a top barrier layer disposed between the work function metal layer and the low resistivity metal layer, and an etch stop metal layer disposed between the bottom barrier layer and the work function metal layer.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the deposition process includes an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process or a sputter deposition process.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first interfacial material layer includes silicon oxide, silicon nitride or silicon oxynitride.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second interfacial layer is formed by a deposition process, such as an ALD process, a CVD process, a PVD process or a sputter deposition process.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second interfacial layer includes silicon oxide, silicon nitride or silicon oxynitride.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first high-k layer is formed by a deposition process.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first high-k layer includes a high-k material with a dielectric constant greater than 4.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes forming at least one second high-k layer after forming the second interfacial layer and before forming the first high-k layer.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second high-k layer is formed by a deposition process.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second high-k layer includes a high-k material with a dielectric constant greater than 4.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, after forming the stacked structure and before forming the ILD layer, the method further includes forming a spacer beside the stacked structure, and forming a contact etch stop layer to cover the stacked structure.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes removing the second interfacial layer, the first high-k layer and the composite metal layer outside the trench.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the work function metal layer includes TiAl or TiN, and the low resistivity metal layer includes Al or Cu.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the bottom barrier layer includes TiN, the top barrier layer includes TiN, and the etch stop metal layer includes TaN.

In view of the above, in the present invention, a deposition process is used to replace the conventional thermal oxidation treatment for forming an interfacial layer. In other words, the interfacial layer of the present invention can be formed without consuming any silicon from the fins (or substrate). Therefore, device degradation caused by the fin deformation is not observed as the fins (or substrate) are not subjected to any silicon loss during the formation of the interfacial layer.

In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, a preferred embodiment accompanied with figures is described in detail below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

FIGS. 1A to 1F are three-dimensional schematic views illustrating a method of forming a semiconductor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 2A to 2F are schematic cross-sectional views taken along the lines I-I of FIGS. 1A to 1F.

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG. 1F.

FIGS. 4A to 4B are three-dimensional schematic views illustrating a method of forming a semiconductor structure according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional schematic view illustrating a semiconductor structure according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts.

FIGS. 1A to 1F are three-dimensional schematic views illustrating a method of forming a semiconductor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 2A to 2F are schematic cross-sectional views taken along the lines I-I of FIGS. 1A to 1F.

Referring to FIGS. 1A and 2A, a semiconductor substrate is provided. The semiconductor substrate can be a silicon-containing substrate 100 with multiple fins 102 extending in a first direction. Thereafter, an insulating layer 104 is formed to fill the lower portions of gaps between the fins 102. The material of the insulating layer 104 can be, but is not limited to, silicon oxide. The method of forming the insulating layer 104 includes depositing an insulating material layer (not shown) on the substrate 100 covering the fins 102, optionally performing a planarization process to make insulating layer 104 flat, and then performing an etching back process until the upper portions of the fins 102 are exposed.

Referring to FIGS. 1B and 2B, a first interfacial material layer 106 is conformally formed on the substrate 100 covering the fins 102. The first interfacial material layer 106 includes silicon oxide, silicon nitride or silicon oxynitride. The first interfacial material layer 106 is formed by a deposition process, such as an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process or a sputter deposition process. It is noted that the first interfacial material layer 106 is formed by a deposition process rather than a thermal oxidation treatment. Silicon consumption due to the thermal oxidation treatment does not occur, so that the shape of the fins 102 is not deformed during the step of forming the first interfacial material layer 106. As shown in FIG. 1B, the first interfacial material layer 106 is conformally formed along the surface of each fin 102. In the present embodiment, since the first interfacial material layer 106 is formed by a deposition process without consuming any silicon, the shape of the fins 102 keeps well-defined after the formation of the first interfacial material layer 106.

Thereafter, a dummy gate material layer 108 and a mask material layer 110 are sequentially formed on the first interfacial material layer 106. The dummy gate material layer 108 includes polysiliocn. The mask material layer 110 includes silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitiride or a combination thereof. Each of the dummy gate material layer 108 and the mask material layer 110 can be formed by a deposition process, such as an ALD process, a CVD process, a PVD process or a sputter deposition process. In FIGS. 1B and 2B, a single mask material layer 110 is provided for illustration purposes, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the mask material layer 110 can be a multi-layer structure including, for example, a lower silicon nitride layer and an upper silicon oxide layer.

Referring to FIGS. 1C and 2C, the mask material layer 110, the dummy gate material layer 108 and the first interfacial material layer 106 are patterned to form a stacked structure 112 including a first interfacial layer 106 a, a dummy gate 108 a and a mask layer 110 a sequentially formed on the substrate 100. The stacked structure 112 crosses the fins 102 and extends in a second direction different from the first direction. In an embodiment, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The patterning step includes performing photolithography and etching processes.

Referring to FIGS. 1D and 2D, a spacer 114 is formed beside the stacked structure 112. The method of forming the spacer 114 includes forming a silicon oxide layer on the substrate 100 and then performing an anisotropic etching process to remove a portion of the silicon oxide layer. Source and drain regions (not shown) are then formed in the substrate 100 beside the spacer 114. Thereafter, a contact etch stop layer (CESL) 116 and an interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer 118 are sequentially formed on the substrate 100 to cover the stacked structure 112. The CESL 116 includes silicon nitride. The ILD layer 118 includes silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon carbide, low-dielectric constant dielectric material or a combination thereof. Each of the CESL 116 and the ILD layer 118 can be formed by a deposition process, such as an ALD process, a CVD process, a PVD process or a sputter deposition process. Afterwards, a portion of the ILD layer 118 and a portion of the CESL 116 are removed to expose the top of the stacked structure 112.

Referring to FIGS. 1E and 2E, the stacked structure 112 is removed to form a trench 120 in the ILD layer 118. The removing step includes performing a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process or an etching back process. Note that the first interfacial layer 106 a can be regarded as a sacrificial layer since it is removed during the step of removing the stacked structure 112.

Referring to FIGS. 1F and 2F, a second interfacial layer 122 and a first high-k layer 124 are sequentially formed at least on the surface of the trench 120. The second interfacial layer 122 includes silicon oxide, silicon nitride or silicon oxynitride. The second interfacial layer 122 is formed by a deposition process, such as an ALD process, a CVD process, a PVD process or a sputter deposition process. It is noted that the second interfacial layer 122 is formed by a deposition process rather than a thermal oxidation treatment. Silicon consumption due to the thermal oxidation treatment does not occur, so that the shape of the fins 102 is not deformed during the step of forming the second interfacial layer 122. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG. 1F. As shown in FIG. 3, the second interfacial layer 122 is conformally formed along the surface of each fin 102. In the present embodiment, since the second interfacial layer 122 is formed by a deposition process without consuming any silicon, the shape of the fins 102 keeps well-defined after the formation of the second interfacial layer 122.

The first high-k layer 124 includes a high-k material with a dielectric constant greater than 4. The high-k material can be metal oxide, such as rare earth metal oxide. The high-k material can be selected from the group consisting of hafnium oxide (HfO₂), hafnium silicon oxide (HfSiO₄), hafnium silicon oxynitride (HfSiON), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃), tantalum oxide (Ta₂O₅), yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃), zirconium oxide (ZrO₂), strontium titanate oxide (SrTiO₃), zirconium silicon oxide (ZrSiO₄), hafnium zirconium oxide (HfZrO₄), strontium bismuth tantalate, (SrBi₂Ta₂O₉, SBT), lead zirconate titanate (PbZr_(x)Ti_(1-x)O₃, PZT), and barium strontium titanate (Ba_(x)Sr_(1-x)TiO₃, BST), wherein x is between 0 and 1. The first high-k layer 124 is formed by a deposition process, such as an ALD process, a CVD process, a PVD process or a sputter deposition process.

In an embodiment, at least one second high-k layer is formed after forming the second interfacial layer 122 and before forming the first high-k layer 124. The second high-k layer is different from the first high-k layer 124. The second high-k layer can have a dielectric constant less than or greater than that of the first high-k layer 124. The second high-k layer includes a high-k material with a dielectric constant greater than 4. The high-k material can be metal oxide, such as rare earth metal oxide. The high-k material can be selected from the group consisting of hafnium oxide (HfO₂), hafnium silicon oxide (HfSiO₄), hafnium silicon oxynitride (HfSiON), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃), tantalum oxide (Ta₂O₅), yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃), zirconium oxide (ZrO₂), strontium titanate oxide (SrTiO₃), zirconium silicon oxide (ZrSiO₄), hafnium zirconium oxide (HfZrO₄), strontium bismuth tantalate, (SrBi₂Ta₂O₉, SBT), lead zirconate titanate (PbZr_(x)Ti_(1-x)O₃, PZT), and barium strontium titanate (Ba_(x)Sr_(1-x)TiO₃, BST), wherein x is between 0 and 1. The second high-k layer is formed by a deposition process, such as an ALD process, a CVD process, a PVD process or a sputter deposition process.

Thereafter, a composite metal layer 136 is formed on the substrate 100 to at least fill up the trench 120. As shown in FIG. 3, the composite metal layer 136 includes, from bottom to top, an optional bottom barrier layer 126, optional etch stop metal layer 127, a work function metal layer 128, an optional top barrier layer 130, and a low resistivity metal layer 134. The bottom barrier layer 126 includes TiN. The etch stop metal layer 127 includes TaN. The work function metal layer 128 includes TiAl (for forming an N-type device) or TiN (for forming a P-type device). The top barrier layer 130 includes TiN. The low resistivity metal material layer 134 includes Al or Cu. Each layer of the composite metal layer 136 can be formed by a deposition process, such as an ALD process, a CVD process, a PVD process or a sputter deposition process.

Afterwards, the second interfacial layer 122, the first high-k layer 124 and the composite metal layer 136 outside the trench 120 are removed. The FinFET device of the present invention is thus obtained, wherein the second interfacial layer 122 and the first high-k layer 124 serve as a gate dielectric layer, and the composite layer 136 serves as a metal gate.

In view of the above, both the first interfacial layer 106 a as a sacrificial layer and the second interfacial layer 122 as a gate dielectric layer are not formed by a thermal oxidation treatment. Accordingly, the fin deformation caused by silicon consumption is not observed, and the effective channel of the FinFET is not affected.

The said embodiments in which the described method is applied to form a FinFET device is provided for illustration purposes, and is not construed as limiting the present invention. It is appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the described method can be applied to form a planar device including a metal gate or a polysilicon gate as long as the interfacial layer is formed by a deposition process without consuming any silicon from the substrate.

FIGS. 4A to 4B are three-dimensional schematic views illustrating a method of forming a semiconductor structure according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 4A, a semiconductor substrate is provided. The semiconductor substrate can be a bulk silicon-containing substrate 200 having shallow trench isolation (STI) structures 201 formed therein. Thereafter, the process steps similar to those as described in FIGS. 2B to 2F are implemented, so as to obtain a planar device including a metal gate (as shown in FIG. 4B). It is noted that only a substrate 200, STI structures 201, an interfacial layer 202, a high-k layer 204 and a metal gate 206 are shown in FIG. 4B for clarity and convenience of illustration.

In another embodiment, a semiconductor substrate as shown in FIG. 4A is provided, and the process steps similar to those as described in FIGS. 2B to 2C are performed thereto, wherein an additional high-k layer is formed between the interfacial layer and the mask layer. Thereafter, the following process steps including removing the mask layer, forming a spacer, forming source/drain regions etc. are known to persons skilled in the art, and the details are not iterated herein. The planar device including a polysilicon gate is thus obtained, as shown in FIG. 5. It is noted that only a substrate 200, STI structures 201, an interfacial layer 302, a high-k layer 304 and a polysilicon gate 306 are shown in FIG. 5 for clarity and convenience of illustration.

In summary, in the present invention, a deposition process is used to replace the conventional thermal oxidation treatment for forming an interfacial layer. In other words, the interfacial layer of the present invention can be formed without consuming any silicon from the fins (or substrate). In the said embodiments, device degradation caused by the fin deformation is not observed as the fins (or substrate) are not subjected to any silicon loss during the formation of the interfacial layer.

More specifically, the effective channel of the FinFET is disposed not only on the top surface portion but also on the sidewall portion of each fin. When the interfacial layer is formed by the conventional thermal oxidation treatment, the channel width of the FinFET is seriously loss due to the fin deformation from silicon consumption. The method of the present invention can resolve the said problem and keep the fin profile as well-defined as original. Thus, better channel control of the FinFET can be easily achieved.

The present invention has been disclosed above in the preferred embodiments, but is not limited to those. It is known to persons skilled in the art that some modifications and innovations may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be defined by the following claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of forming a semiconductor device, comprising: forming a first interfacial material layer by a deposition process on a substrate; forming a dummy gate material layer on the first interfacial material layer; patterning the dummy gate material layer and the first interfacial material layer to form a stacked structure; forming an interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer to cover the stacked structure; removing a portion of the ILD layer to expose a top of the stacked structure; removing the stacked structure to form a trench in the ILD layer; conformally forming a second interfacial layer and a first high-k layer at least on a surface of the trench; and forming a composite metal layer to at least fill up the trench, wherein the substrate is a bulk substrate without fins, and wherein the composite metal layer comprises a work function metal layer and a low resistivity metal layer, and further comprises: a bottom barrier layer, disposed between the first high-k layer and the work function metal layer; a top barrier layer, disposed between the work function metal layer and the low resistivity metal layer; and an etch stop metal layer, disposed between the bottom barrier layer and the work function metal layer.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the deposition process comprises an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process or a sputter deposition process.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first interfacial material layer comprises silicon oxide, silicon nitride or silicon oxynitride.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second interfacial layer is formed by a deposition process.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the deposition process comprises an ALD process, a CVD process, a PVD process or a sputter deposition process.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second interfacial layer comprises silicon oxide, silicon nitride or silicon oxynitride.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first high-k layer is formed by a deposition process.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first high-k layer comprises a high-k material with a dielectric constant greater than
 4. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising forming at least one second high-k layer after forming the second interfacial layer and before forming the first high-k layer.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the second high-k layer is formed by a deposition process.
 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the second high-k layer comprises a high-k material with a dielectric constant greater than
 4. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after forming the stacked structure and before forming the ILD layer, forming a spacer beside the stacked structure; and forming a contact etch stop layer to cover the stacked structure.
 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing the second interfacial layer, the first high-k layer and the composite metal layer outside the trench.
 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the work function metal layer comprises TiAl or TiN, and the low resistivity metal layer comprises Al or Cu.
 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the bottom barrier layer comprises TiN, the top barrier layer comprises TiN, and the etch stop metal layer comprises TaN. 